As we age, our immune system weakens, making seniors more susceptible to various infections. Proper knowledge and awareness of common infections are crucial for the elderly and their loved ones to ensure early detection and timely treatment. This article identifies 6 common infections that affect the elderly, along with some of their signs and symptoms to be cognizant of over the long term.

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infections are prevalent among the elderly, affecting both men and women. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), UTIs account for approximately 8.1 million visits to healthcare providers each year in the United States, with the elderly being at higher risk.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Frequent urge to urinate
• Pain or burning sensation during urination
• Cloudy or bloody urine
• Lower abdominal pain or discomfort

(Source: https://www.cdc.gov/)

    2.  Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections, such as pneumonia and influenza, can be severe for older adults. Pneumonia is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality among the elderly. The American Lung Association reports that adults aged 65 and older accounted for around 49,000 pneumonia-related deaths in 2018.

Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia:

• Persistent cough with green or yellow mucus
• Fever and chills
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain when breathing or coughing

(Source: https://www.lung.org/)

    3.  Skin Infections

The aging process leads to changes in the skin, making it more susceptible to infections. Skin infections, like cellulitis, can arise from minor injuries or compromised skin. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that cellulitis affects approximately 14-17% of elderly individuals globally.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Red, swollen, and tender skin
• Warmth around the affected area
• Fever and chills

(Source: https://www.who.int/)

    4.  Gastrointestinal Infections

Gastrointestinal infections, particularly caused by norovirus and Clostridium difficile, are a significant concern for the elderly due to their potential for dehydration and severe complications. The CDC estimates that norovirus leads to 56,000-71,000 hospitalizations and 570-800 deaths among adults aged 65 years and older annually.

Signs and Symptoms of Norovirus:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach cramps
• Low-grade fever

(Source: https://www.cdc.gov/)

    5.  Influenza

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, poses a serious threat to the elderly. The CDC reports that the majority of influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths occur in individuals aged 65 years and older. In the 2019-2020 flu season, an estimated 52% of hospitalizations due to influenza were in this age group.

Signs and Symptoms:

• High fever
• Body aches and fatigue
• Sore throat
• Headache

(Source: https://www.cdc.gov/)

    6.  Sepsis

Sepsis is a life-threatening response to infection that can quickly escalate in the elderly. According to the Sepsis Alliance, sepsis affects more than 1.7 million adults in the U.S. each year, with approximately 270,000 resulting deaths. Older adults are more likely to develop sepsis and have a higher risk of mortality.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Fever or low body temperature
• Rapid heart rate
• Confusion or disorientation
• Shortness of breath

(Source: https://www.sepsis.org/)

Recognizing the Signs of Infection

Early detection of infection is crucial for prompt treatment. Family members and caregivers should be vigilant in identifying signs that may indicate infection in elderly individuals under their care. Some general symptoms to look out for include:

• Changes in behavior or mental status
• Loss of appetite or sudden weight loss
• Fatigue or weakness
• Increased falls or difficulty walking
• Worsening chronic health conditions

Understanding common infections and their warning signs is essential for ensuring the well-being of elderly individuals. 7 Day Home Care, a compassionate and experienced in-home care provider in Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Nassau County, and Suffolk County, New York, remains committed to promoting the health and safety of seniors in their care. Please visit https://www.7dayhomecare.com/personal-care to learn more about our services. By staying informed and proactive, we can work together to safeguard the health of our elderly loved ones. Remember, prevention and early detection are key to improving the quality of life for the elderly. In the event you or a loved one is concerned about any health-related condition or have questions in general contact your doctor or a medical professional.

Brian Callahan

7 Day Home Care